Ship plate and hull.



J. F. MONNOT.

SHIP PLATE AND HULL.

APPLIOATION FILED Nov. 27, 1907.

Patented May 6, 1913.

I If UNITED STATES PATENT oEEroE.

JoHN EEBREOL MoNNo'r, QENEW YORK, N. Y., AssIGNoE To DUPLEXMETALS COMPANY, or NEW YoEK, N. Y., A coRPoRATIoN or NEW YoEK.

SHIP PLATEAND HULL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 6, 1913.

application filed November 27, 1907. Serial N o. 404,154.

To all whom it may concer/n:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. MoNNoT, a lcitizen of the United States, residing at New York, inthe county of New York and State metal such as copper; and also comprises a hull having plates and rivets of such clad metals.

Itis well known that iron or steel plates Aof ship hulls areextremely subjectY to corrosion or rusting'and that the paint with which such plates are usually covered offers only partial protection against such corro-' 25 \sion.

Furthermore, it is well known that submerged steel plates are in many cases extremely apt to accumulate barnacles, seaweed and other marine growths', materially affecting the speed of the vessel. For the protection against the latter trouble, hulls Aare sometimes coppered; that is, covered with sheet copper, brass, Muntzs metal, tobin bronze, and similar cupriferous meta'ls,^but to avoid galvanic action between the steel hull plates and such coatings, it is necessary to interpose intermediate sheathings of wood, or like material, which, however, is onlypartially successful in protecting against such corrosion.

The speed of a vessel, of course, is affected -largely by the skin friction produced by its wetted surface. This is one of the reasons for using the smooth copper sheathings. Steel is not-a homogeneous metal,being composed o fibers or crystals of various different compounds of carbon and the element iron, together, generally, with more or less comparatively pure iron. Separated graphitoidal carbon is also a common constituent..

A polished surface of Vsteel or iron shows polished exposedv faces of these different bodies and under the common laws of electro-chemistry they -form galvanic couples which much promote corrosion when such a polished surface is immersedA in a reactive fluid such as seawater. This corrosion is,

however, localized, one spot forming a positive element and dissolving, and another, a negative element, lwhich remains comparatively uncorroded. The corroded spots form pits or depressions as compared with the uncorro-ded spots, thereby on the one hand much increasing skin friction and on the other giving opportunity for barnacles and marine growths to cling. There is also.

trouble from corrosion where brass or bronze circulatlng plpes, sea water connections and the like, terminate in the skin of the vessel.,

The clad plates herein described, may be produced from clad metal ingots produced as described in my Patent No. 853,716, dated May 14, 1907, and in various of my pending applications including particularly applica- *tions Sr. Nos. 391,673 filed September 6, v1907 and-400,843 filed November 5, 1907,

whereby ingots of steel weld-coated with copper, brass, and other relatively non-oxidizable metals, may be produced. In ingots and in sheets, rods and the like, produced from such ingots, the coating so applied is weld-united to the steel or other base, being ping tools, such as cold chisels, and'by temperature changes or shock, and the union beout substantially in the sameproportion as is the base metal, without rupture or thedevelopment of pores or flaws, the coating being, even when extremelythin, absolutely impervious to liquids and having all the desirable qualities of metal solidified'from the molten state. The coating is fu-rther very hard as compared with ordinary copper, brass, etc., owing to the support it receives from vthe underlying stronger steel weldf united to it, and resents to the action of water, a smooth p anished surface entirely homogeneous and therefore free from the conditions which produce local galvanic couples in steel plates as before referred to. The copper in the co-extension of the two metals being compressed between the relatively stiil" steel on the one side and the working tools on the other while held against lateral yielding by the existence of a basal weldv union assumes throughout its mass a peculiar hard texture similar to the inseparable therefrom by the action of stripthe like, the coatingr may be very thin while preserving all the desirable qualit-ies of the coating metal.

' Heretofore it has been proposed to coat steel plates with copper and other metals by casting molten copper against the plates. Such coatings being applied to the plates themselves, the coating itself must be quite thick, and therefore adds materially to the cost and weight of the plates, while adding practically not at all to the strength. I have found that if copper be cast against steel at ordinary casting temperatures, no union results, the coating so formed being at most adherent and not coherent to the steel; while if the coating metal so cast be at a very milch higher temperature and be maintained in contact with t-he'steel at such temperature for any material length of time, it will dissolve much of the steel and will in turn be greatly impaired in quality by the dissolved iron, the alloy produced being extremely brittle, coarse and full of blow holes, bubbles and the like. under such conditions both of the metals become what is technically known as rottenf There is also apt to be between the metals a seam, spot or surface of non-union into which sea water may penetrate, producing to an enhanced degree, the very local action which it is the object of the coating to avoid. This will not only lead to destructive corrosion of the steel but will lead eventually to peeling off `or exfoliat-ion ofthe. coating.

The accompanying drawings show a por2 tion of a ship hull, comprising plates such as above described, a plate. l

In said drawings: Figure 1 shows an elevat-ion of a plurality of ship plates anda frame lnember connected together; Fig. 2 shows a transverse section through such plates and frame member on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a similar section on the line 3-3- of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 shows two plates and a strap connected together by rivets and also composed of compound metal such as before referred to. o

In the said drawings, 5, 5, designate th plates, the vertical edges of which abut onel against the other and the horizontaledges of which are over-lapped in the usual manner, and 6 designates a frame member.

7, 7 designate strap plates, and 8, 8 rivets uniting the plates 5l and said straps. Each of these plates, and preferably the rivets themselves, are composed of clad steel such as before referred to, for example, copper clad steel, the copper being weld-united, to render it inseparable from the steel, by the In fact,

rpart of sea water,

also a portion of suchl method hereinbefore referred to. In the drawings, 9 'designates the base of strong metal such as steel, and 10 the coating of relatively non-oxidizable metal, such as copper. VIt is preferable that the plates shall be coated on both sides and also on the edges and in the rivet holes with the coating metal 10, and since it is impracticable to coat the plates themselves after the arerolled down to size or nearly so, I raw the coating metal, over the edges and into the rivet holes so'as to completely cover such edges and the sides of the rivet holes, in the process of cutting the plates to size and of punching the rivet holes. This I may do by the method and means described in my applica? tions Sr. No. 293,410 led December 26, 1905,

and Sr. No. 303,916'led March 2, 1906, comprising in brief the 'use of blunt-edged ltools which sever the metal by an obtunding action as distinguished from a strict cutting action, such tools being able to draw the coating metal over the severed edges of the core or base metal, vsubstantially as indicated in Fig. 4. The frame members 6 may also be composed of cla'd metals, such as before referred to, although in generalthis is not necessary, it being usually protect the inner surfaces of t vessel, by paint, cement, and that corrosion will not take place, the influence of bilge water.

e skin of the thelike', so evenunder l In some cases vessel hulls have been plated with plates of .aluminum or aluminum alloys, and it has vbeen found that the aluminum or aluminum alloy is subject to corrosive or solvent 'action on the which has resulted in material eating away of the plates the latter being greatly weakened and rendered spongyN Vhere, for extreme lightness or -other reasons, plating with aluminum is desired, these aluminum or aluminum alloy'v plates may be weld-coated, in the ingot, with copper orother metal not subject to this corrosive action, and thereby all the advantages heretofore stated with reference to the clad steel plates, are obtained.

Where it is tween the plates against the entrance of sea water, by means other than the usual paint, this may be done by running molten solder or brazing brass into the' joints. In-Fig. 4:, 11 indicates such a filling.

What I claim is 1. A. ship plate comprising a core or base of one met-al weld-coated with a less corrodible cupriferous metal, said metals having been co-extended and said cupriferous metal having throughout `its mass a. hard, dense and compact structure.

2. A ship plate comprising a core or base of one metal weld-coated on both sides with.

a less corrodible cupriferous metal, said metals having been co-extended and said plracticable to desired to close the joints beeupriferous metal having throughout its mass a hard, dense and compact structure.

3. A ship plate'comprising a core or base of one met-a1 Weldcoated on its exposed face and on its edges with a less eorrodible cupriferous metal, said metals having been coeXtended and said cupriferous metal having throughout its mass a hard, dense and compact structure.

4. A ship plate comprising a core or base of steel Weld-coated with eupriferous metal, the united metals having .been co-extended and said cuprferous metal having throughout its mass a hard, dense and rcompact structure. v

5. A ship plate comprising a core or base of steel Weld-coated on both sides with cupriferous metal, the united metals having been co-ext-ended'and said cupriferous metal having throughout its mass a hard, dense and compact struct-ure.

in the presence of two 6. A ship plate comprising a core or` base of steel Weld-coated on its exposed face and on its edges With cupriferous metal, the united metals having been cO-extended and said cupriferous metal having throughout" its mass a hard, dense and compact structure.

7. A ships plate consisting on one side of a steel plate and on the other side of a dense and homogeneous plate of cast copper, the surface of demarcation between said'plates being sharply defined, but the respective metals interpenetrating to such extent as to secure perfect union of the plates, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I alix my signature,

witnesses.

`.JOHN FERREOL MoNNoT.'

Witnesses: i

K. P. MoELRoY, H. M. MARBLE. 

